Lamotrigine stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels, helping reduce seizures and mood swings.

Gabapentin is thought to influence nerve signaling in the central nervous system by binding to the alpha-2-delta subunit

It belongs to a class of drugs known as azapirones and is distinct from the sedating benzodiazepines commonly used for short-term anxiety relief.

Beta blockers dampen the sympathetic fight-or-flight response, reducing rapid heartbeat, tremor, and sweating to support mental health care.

In mood disorders like bipolar disorder, they are used as mood stabilizers to reduce the frequency and severity of manic or depressive episodes.

Because mood disorders involve complex brain networks, lithium’s broad, gradual effects can help dampen extreme mood shifts and promote thinking

MAOIs act by blocking monoamine oxidase, an enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

TCAs primarily work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. They inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.